Biographical Information

• B.A. 1966-1970 at American University at Washington D.C.
• M.A. 1970-1971 at University of Illinois at Urbana
• Ph.D 1971-1979 at University of Illinois at Urbana
• Professor, specializing in Modern Britain and India, University of Oregon since 1982

Major Publications

• Co-author with Donna Andrew, The Perreaus and Mrs. Rudd: Forgery and Betrayal in Eighteenth-Century London (University of California Press, 2001).
• "Managing the Gallows: The Bank of England and the Death Penalty, 1797-1821," Law and History Review, 2007, 241-82.
• "Cruel Inflictions and the Claims of Humanity in Early-Nineteenth-Century England,"in Assaulting the Past: Placing Violence in Historical Context,
• ed. Katherine Watson (Newcastle, 2007), 38-57.
• "Making Examples' and the Crisis of Punishment in Mid-Eighteenth-Century England,"in The British and Their Laws in the Eighteenth Century,
• ed. David Lemmings, (London, 2005), 182-205.
• "The Bank of England and the Policing of Forgery, 1797-1821," Past and Present, 2005, 81-116.
• "The Problem of Punishment in Eighteenth-Century England," in Penal Practice and Culture, 1500-1900, eds. S. Devereaux & P. Griffiths
• (London, 2003), 210- 31.
• "History, Culture, and the Death Penalty," Historical Reflections, 2003, 229-49.
• "Making the Bloody Code? Forgery Legislation in Eighteenth-Century England," in Law, Crime, and English Society 1660-1840, ed. Norma Landau
• (Cambridge, 2002), 117- 38.
• "From Pillory to Gallows: The Punishment of Forgery in the Age of the Financial Revolution," Past and Present, 1999, 107-40.
• "Knowing the Hand: Forgery and the Proof of Writing in Eighteenth-Century England," Historical Reflections, 1998, 385-414.
• "Prison Reform in England, 1780-1865," Chapter III in the Oxford History of the Prison (New York, 1995), 79-109.
• "Power and Humanity, or Foucault Among the Historians," in Reassessing Foucault, ed. Roy Porter and Colin Jones (London, 1994), 91-112.
• "Civilizing Punishment: The End of the Public Execution in England," Journal of British Studies, 1994, 257-82.
• "Forgery Discovered, or the Perils of Circulation in Eighteenth-Century England," Angelaki, 1993-94, 257-82.
• "Punishing Violence, Sentencing Crime," in The Violence of Representation: Literature and the History of Violence, ed. N. Armstrong & L. Tennenhouse
• (New York, 1989), 140-56.
• "The Changing Face of God's Justice: The Debate Over Divine and Human Punishment in Eighteenth-Century England," Criminal Justice History,
• 1988, 63-98.
• "'He Beareth Not the Sword in Vain': Religion and the Criminal Law in Eighteenth-Century England," Eighteenth-Century Studies, 1987-88, 192-211.
• "The Body and Punishment in Eighteenth-Century England," Journal of Modern History, 1987, 651-79.
• "The Image of Justice and Reform of the Criminal Law in Early Nineteenth- Century England," Buffalo Law Review, 1983, 89-125.

Awards and Honors

• NEH Category "C" Fellowship, Brown University, 1980-81
• American Bar Foundation Fellowship, Summer 1986
• NEH Travel to Collection Grant, 1987
• Chester Higby Prize 1987-88 (best article published in Journal of Modern History)
• American Society for Eighteenth-Century Studies Fellowship, McMaster University, June 1993
• Humanities Centre Fellowship, Australian National University, Winter 2001
• Fellow, Oregon Humanities Center, Spring 2004
• NEH Fellowship 2005-2006

Current Research and Writing

• The death penalty and criminal law in 18th and 19th century Britain